Paracetamol, also known as Acetaminophen, is one of the few painkillers approved by the FDA for use during pregnancy. However, a recent study published in Nature Mental Health has raised concerns, suggesting a potential link between its use during pregnancy and an increased risk of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) in children.
Understanding ADHD
ADHD is a common neurodevelopmental disorder in children, characterized by inattention, hyperactivity, and impulsivity. Symptoms start in childhood and often persist into adulthood and can impact academic performance, relationships, and daily life. According to the NHS, ADHD may also be accompanied by other conditions such as anxiety disorders, depression, sleep problems, autism spectrum disorder, dyspraxia, epilepsy, and Tourette’s syndrome.
Research suggests that early diagnosis and appropriate interventions, including behavioral therapy and medication, can significantly improve outcomes for children with ADHD. If left untreated, ADHD may lead to low self-esteem and social difficulties.
The Role of Paracetamol in Pregnancy
Paracetamol is widely used to treat mild to moderate pain, fever, and headaches. Unlike NSAIDs, which can affect uterine contractions and potentially increase the risk of preterm labor, acetaminophen has generally been considered safe during pregnancy. However, this new study raises concerns about the use of paracetamol during pregnancy and suggests there may be some overlooked risks to early brain development of children.
Researchers in the US tracked bloodstream levels of acetaminophen in 307 Black pregnant women. The study found that children exposed to the drug in utero were more than three times as likely to be diagnosed with ADHD.
Who Is More at Risk?
Interestingly, daughters exposed to acetaminophen in the womb had a more than six-fold increased risk of ADHD within the first ten years of life.
Despite these alarming findings, experts caution that more research is needed. The study did not account for factors such as the mother’s underlying health conditions—headaches, fevers, or infections—which are already known risk factors for adverse child development.
Lead author Brennan Baker from Seattle Children’s Research Institute suggests the FDA should reassess the safety of acetaminophen use during pregnancy. However, statistical geneticist Viktor Ahlqvist from Sweden’s Karolinska Institute emphasizes that the study’s small sample size limits its conclusions.
While this study raises concerns, acetaminophen remains one of the safest options for pain relief during pregnancy. The benefits of managing maternal pain and fever must be weighed against potential risks. Until more conclusive evidence emerges, expecting mothers should consult their doctors before taking any medication.
